Sample Rates and Bit Depth Explained Simply

What is the Sample Rate?

The sample rate, in a nutshell, is the number of samples per second in a piece of audio. It is measured in Hertz (Hz) or Kilohertz (kHz).

Sample Rate infographic by Mastering The Mix.

Does having a higher sample rate make a noticeable improvement?

Your DAW gives you the option to record your audio at sample rates such as 44.1kHz, 48kHz, 96kHz etc. So whats the difference? Research shows that a sample rate will capture frequencies at half of its amount. For example, a sample rate of 44.1Hz will accurately represent frequencies up to 22kHz. Humans with great hearing can hear up to 20kHz. This tells us that a sample rate of 44,1kHz is perfectly adequate to record music. 44.1kHz also eats up less storage on your computer than higher sample rates. Some people insist they can hear improvements in audio recorded at higher sample rates. The science just doesn't support these claims. My advice is to stick with 44.1 or 48 kHz. And, be sure to use great audio engineering techniques to get the best possible sound. There is an exception to my statements. If you are recording sounds that have a harsh top end (such as brass or cymbals) recording in 96kHz can help reduce aliasing problems.

What is bit depth?

Bit depth, in a nutshell, relates to the dynamic range in audio. In slightly more detail, the bit depth is the number of ‘bits’ of information in every single sample. The more bits, the more dynamic range. A CD will host 16 bit audio. Whereas iTunes and DVD audio supports up to 24 bits which can accommodate a larger dynamic range.

Bit Depth infographic by Mastering The Mix.

Which bit depth should I use?

For CD you will have to bounce your audio at 16 bit. When bouncing your audio for online distribution, go for 24 bit to capture the true essence of the dynamics in your music.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is sample rate?

Sample rate is the number of samples per second in a piece of audio, measured in Hertz or kilohertz. A given sample rate accurately represents frequencies up to half its value, so 44.1 kHz captures frequencies up to about 22 kHz.

Does a higher sample rate improve sound quality?

For most music it makes no audible difference. Since humans with great hearing reach about 20 kHz, 44.1 kHz is perfectly adequate and uses less storage. The exception is sources with a harsh top end like brass or cymbals, where 96 kHz can help reduce aliasing.

What is bit depth?

Bit depth relates to the dynamic range of audio. It is the number of bits of information in every sample, and more bits mean more dynamic range. A CD holds 16-bit audio, while formats like iTunes and DVD audio support up to 24 bits for a larger dynamic range.

Which bit depth should you bounce to?

For CD you must bounce at 16 bit. When exporting for online distribution, choose 24 bit to capture the full essence of the dynamics in your music. Pair the right bit depth with solid engineering technique for the best possible result.